The Breton flag, also called "Gwenn ha Du" (meaning "White and Black" in Breton), is a major symbol of Brittany. Flying proudly during cultural and artistic events or as decoration, it represents the identity and history of the region. Created in 1923 by the architect Morvan Marchal, the Gwenn ha Du is a modern flag that brings together ancient Breton identities. 9 horizontal bands: 4 white ones symbolizing Lower Brittany (the Pays du Léon, Cornouaille, Trégor and the Pays Vannetais) and 5 black ones symbolizing Upper Brittany (the country of Dol, the country of Rennes, the country of Nantais, the country of Saint-Malo and the country of Saint-Brieuc), representing the nine historical countries of the region. 11 ermines: symbol of the dukes of Brittany and the feudal nobility, representing strength, purity and vigilance.